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Cotton, one of the most important fibers used in textile production, is believed to have been first cultivated in ancient civilizations. The exact origin of cotton cultivation is not definitively known, but historical evidence suggests that cotton was first domesticated in the Indian subcontinent around 6,000 years ago.   The earliest evidence of cotton cultivation and the use of cotton fibers comes from the Mehrgarh archaeological site in present-day Pakistan, where remnants of cotton dating back to around 5000 BCE have been found. From the Indian subcontinent, knowledge of cotton cultivation and the use of cotton fibers spread to other regions. The term "cotton" traces its linguistic roots to Arabic, specifically originating from the word قطن (qutn or qutun). This term was commonly used in medieval Arabic to refer to cotton. Imagined cotton plants drawn by John Mandeville in the 14th century. He said "There grew there [India] a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on t...

During the initial phases of the Chinese economy after the implementation of economic reforms in 1978–79, the competitive advantage of gaining export market share over other countries relied significantly on the low cost of labor.  China's strength in textile manufacturing lies in several key factors, which have contributed to its position as the world's largest textile producer and exporter. Some of the main strengths of China's textile industry include: Massive Production Capacity : China has an enormous production capacity for textiles, including fabrics, yarns, and garments. Its vast network of textile factories and skilled workforce allows it to produce large quantities of textiles at competitive prices. Vertical Integration : China's textile industry is highly vertically integrated, meaning that it has a complete supply chain within the country. This integration includes everything from raw material production (such as cotton and synthetic fibers) to spinning, wea...

The Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) is a public sector undertaking established in 1970 under the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. Its primary objective is to promote and safeguard the interests of cotton farmers in the country and to ensure a stable cotton supply to the textile industry. As a nodal agency, CCI is responsible for several crucial functions: Cotton Procurement : CCI procures raw cotton directly from farmers at minimum support prices (MSPs) declared by the government. This practice ensures that farmers receive a fair price for their produce and protects them from market fluctuations. Price Support : CCI intervenes in the market to support cotton prices whenever they fall below the MSP, thus preventing distress selling by farmers. Buffer Stock Management: The CCI maintains a buffer stock of cotton to stabilize prices and meet the demand of the domestic textile industry during lean periods. Cotton Marketing: Acting as an intermediary between cotton growers and ...

Cotton, one of the most widely used natural fibers, has been an essential material in the textile industry for centuries. Dyeing is a crucial process in textile manufacturing, where various types of dyes are applied to cotton fibers to achieve different colors and aesthetics. This essay explores the dyeing affinity of three prominent dye classes: direct dyes, reactive dyes, and sulfur dyes, focusing on their characteristics, advantages, and limitations in dyeing cotton fabrics. Direct Dyes: Direct dyes are water-soluble and do not require a chemical intermediate to bind to the cotton fibers. These dyes contain anionic groups, which interact with the positively charged sites on cotton fibers through weak van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Direct dyes offer a simple dyeing process, as they do not require additional chemicals for fixation. Advantages: Ease of application: Direct dyes can be applied at relatively low temperatures, reducing the overall energy consumption during the ...

Old world cotton" and "new world cotton" are terms used to distinguish between two types of cotton species that originated in different parts of the world and have distinct characteristics. Old World Cotton: Old world cotton refers to the species of cotton that is native to the Old World, which includes regions like Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and parts of the Middle East. The most common type of old world cotton is Gossypium herbaceum, also known as Levant cotton or Asiatic cotton. It has been cultivated in these regions for thousands of years and has played a significant role in their history and economies. Characteristics of Old World Cotton: Shorter fiber length: Old world cotton typically has shorter staple fibers compared to new world cotton, making it suitable for certain types of textiles but not as well-suited for high-quality fabrics. Drought and heat-tolerant: Old world cotton is adapted to dry and hot climates, making it suitable for cultivation in arid ...